-
A drug or alcohol test that has a problem identified that cannot be or has not been corrected, or which otherwise requires to be cancelled. A cancelled test is neither a positive nor a negative test.
-
Factor in determining creditworthiness. Capacity is assessed by weighing a borrower's earning ability and the likelihood of continuing income against the amount of debt the borrower carries at the time the application for credit is made. While capacity may be considered in a credit decision, the credit report does not contain information about earning ability or the likelihood of continuing income.
-
The Latin meaning is "That You Take". This is the name for several types of writs, which require that a law enforcement official take a named defendant into custody.
-
Case or crime for which the death penalty may be imposed.
-
Punishment by death for capital crime
-
Sexual, sensual. Carnal knowledge is sexual intercourse.
-
A complete collection of every document filed in court in a case.
-
The law as established in previous court decisions. A synonym for legal precedent. Akin to common law, which springs from tradition and judicial decisions.
-
One or more related charges, combined and made against a defendant for wrongs committed.
-
The procedure used to document the handling of the urine specimen from the time the employee gives the specimen to the collector until the specimen is destroyed. This procedure uses the Federal Drug Testing Custody and Control Form (CCF).
-
The chapter of the Bankruptcy Code providing for "liquidation," that is, the sale of a debtor's nonexempt property and the distribution of the proceeds to creditors. In order to be eligible for Chapter 7, the debtor must satisfy a "means test." The court will evaluate the debtor's income and expenses to determine if the debtor may proceed under Chapter 7.
-
A person appointed in a Chapter 7 case to represent the interests of the bankruptcy estate and the creditors. The trustee's responsibilities include reviewing the debtor's petition and schedules, liquidating the property of the estate, and making distributions to creditors. The trustee may also bring actions against creditors or the debtor to recover property of the bankruptcy estate.
-
The chapter of the Bankruptcy Code providing for reorganization of municipalities (which includes cities and towns, as well as villages, counties, taxing districts, municipal utilities, and school districts).
-
A reorganization bankruptcy, usually involving a corporation or partnership. A Chapter 11 debtor usually proposes a plan of reorganization to keep its business alive and pay creditors over time. Individuals or people in business can also seek relief in Chapter 11.
-
The chapter of the Bankruptcy Code providing for adjustment of debts of a "family farmer" or "family fisherman," as the terms are defined in the Bankruptcy Code.
-
The chapter of the Bankruptcy Code providing for the adjustment of debts of an individual with regular income, often referred to as a "wage-earner" plan. Chapter 13 allows a debtor to keep property and use his or her disposable income to pay debts over time, usually three to five years.
-
A person appointed to administer a Chapter 13 case. A Chapter 13 trustee's responsibilities are similar to those of a Chapter 7 trustee; however, a Chapter 13 trustee has the additional responsibilities of overseeing the debtor's plan, receiving payments from debtors, and disbursing plan payments to creditors.
-
The judge who has primary responsibility for the administration of a court; chief judges are determined by seniority.
-
In criminal law, a charge is an allegation that an individual has committed a specific offense.
-
Action of transferring accounts deemed uncollectible to a category such as bad debt or loss. Collectors will usually continue to solicit payments, but the accounts are no longer considered part of a company's receivable or profit picture.
-
Courts whose jurisdiction extends over several counties or districts. (There are thirteen judicial circuits wherein the US. Courts of Appeals reside).
-
Judicial division of the United States or of an individual state.
-
A reference to a book or other source of legal authority. An order issued by a law enforcement officer requiring appearance in court to answer a charge. Bail is not accepted in lieu of appearance
-
Courts that try persons accused of violating municipal ordinances. City courts may have jurisdiction over minor civil or criminal cases, or both.
-
Any court action against a consumer to regain money for someone else. Usually, it will be a wage assignment, child support judgment, small claims judgment or a civil judgment.
-
A violent public disturbance by three or more people, which causes danger, damage or injury to property or persons.
-
The amount awarded in a court action.
-
The date an account was closed.
-
One of a group of two or more people charged in the same crime.
-
The use of physical force or threats to compel someone to commit an act against his or her will.
-
A container into which the employee urinates to provide the specimen for a drug test.
-
A place selected by the employer where employees present themselves for the purpose of providing a urine specimen for a drug test.
-
A person who instructs and assists employees at a collection site, who receives and makes an initial inspection of the specimen provided by those employees, and who initiates and completes the CCF.
-
A creditworthy co-maker is sometimes required in situations where an applicant's qualifications are marginal. A co-maker is legally responsible to repay the charges in the joint account agreement.
-
The receipt by an individual of consideration in exchange for an agreement not to prosecute or inform on someone who they know has committed a crime.
-
Two or more terms of imprisonment served simultaneously.
-
A conviction. Court issues the discharge from the jail and requires defendant to comply with some conditions. Regardless whether defendant complies with rules or not, he/she is still convicted (GUILTY) and case can never be expunged.
-
The release from a correctional facility before full sentence has been served which is conditioned on specific behavior. If conditions are not met, the individual may be returned to the facility.
-
A second test performed on a urine specimen to further support a validity test result.
-
A confirmation test result received by an MRO from a laboratory.
-
Multiple sentences, served one after the other.
-
This is found in New Mexico. It is designed as a disposition for juvenile cases in which the defendant pleads guilty and is placed on the decree / probation for six months.
-
A service agent that provides or coordinates the provision of a variety of drug and alcohol testing services to employers. C/TPAs typically perform administrative tasks concerning the operation of the employers' drug and alcohol testing programs. This term includes, but is not limited to, groups of employers who join together to administer, as a single entity, the DOT drug and alcohol testing programs of its members. C/TPAs are not "employers" for purposes of this part.
-
The coming together of two or more people for the purpose of committing an unlawful act or to commit a lawful act by unlawful means.
-
A nonprofit organization that assists consumers in dealing with their credit problems.
-
A bureau that gathers and provides information about individuals - such as if they pay their bills on time or have filed bankruptcy - to creditors, employers, and landlords. Companies that perform pre-employment screening services are also considered CRAs and are governed by the FCRA, as are the employers that use background screening services.
-
An act committed which serves to obstruct the court in its administration or authority.
-
A delay or postponement of a court hearing
-
Training for medical review officers (MROs) and substance abuse professionals (SAPs) who have completed qualification training and are performing MRO or SAP functions, designed to keep MROs and SAPs current on changes and developments in the DOT drug and alcohol testing program.
-
A drug whose availability is restricted by law.
-
The unauthorized taking of another’s property.
-
Guilty verdict in a criminal trial.
-
Person who pledges in writing as part of a credit contract to repay the debt if the borrower fails to do so. The account displays on both the borrower's and the cosigner's credit reports.
-
A common measure used in human resources to evaluate the average costs incurred in recruiting and hiring new employees. Generally the equation is total recruitment costs divided by total number of new hires. Typical components of this measure include relocation costs, advertising/job board fees, interviewing expenses, referral bonuses, recruitment staff compensation, skills assessment and pre-employment screening.
-
An offense named in a cause of action. A cause of action may contain multiple counts or charges, each relating to the others but identifying a separate offense.
-
Court that has authority to adjudicate cases of a certain kind or up to a limited amount, usually lesser offenses.. (Opposite of Court of General Jurisdiction)
-
The court where the permanent record of all proceedings is held.
-
Use, or attempted use of a credit card to purchase goods or services with the intent to avoid payment of such.
-
Generally refers to two events in individual bankruptcy cases: (1) the "individual or group briefing" from a nonprofit budget and credit counseling agency that individual debtors must attend prior to filing under any chapter of the Bankruptcy Code; and (2) the "instructional course in personal financial management" in chapters 7 and 13 that an individual debtor must complete before a discharge is entered. There are exceptions to both requirements for certain categories of debtors, exigent circumstances, or if the U.S. trustee or bankruptcy administrator have determined that there are insufficient approved credit counseling agencies available to provide the necessary counseling.
-
Information reported by current or past creditors.
-
In open-end credit, the maximum amount a borrower can draw upon or the maximum that an account can show as outstanding.
-
A person to whom or business to which the debtor owes money or that claims to be owed money by the debtor.
-
Confidential report on a consumer's payment habits as reported by their creditors to a consumer credit reporting agency. The agency provides the information to credit grantors who have a permissible purpose under the law to review the report.
-
Tool used by credit grantors to provide an objective means of determining risks in granting credit. Credit scoring increases efficiency and timely response in the credit granting process. Credit scoring criteria is set by the credit grantor.
-
The ability of a consumer to receive favorable consideration and approval for the use of credit from an establishment to which they applied.
-
Deviate sexual intercourse.
-
Failure to pay child support in violation of court order.
-
Blame, or degree of responsibility for a crime. This may be in degrees of purposeful, knowingly, recklessly or by negligence.
-
A sentence that takes effect after a prior sentence is completed for crimes tried under the same cause of action